The letter to Philemon, though brief, addresses the profound issue of slavery in the Roman Empire, where up to 20% of people were enslaved. It demonstrates how the gospel transforms relationships between masters and slaves.
The letter concerns Onesimus, a runaway slave who converted to Christianity under Paul's ministry. Though Roman law required Paul to return him to his master Philemon, Paul's letter radically reframes their relationship, asking Philemon to receive Onesimus as a beloved brother in Christ.
While early Christianity couldn't directly overthrow slavery, it called believers to radically different relationships within existing structures. Paul shows how the gospel breaks down social barriers and unites believers as equals. This letter, directed to Philemon and the broader church (v. 2), shows how the gospel changes both personal relationships and entire social systems.
The Big Idea of Philemon
S: How does the gospel transform relationships across different social statuses within unjust power structures?
C: It redefines our status and relationships.
BI: The gospel redefines our status and relationships.
Greeting and Thanksgiving (1-7)
S: How does the gospel affect us?
C: It changes us and prepares us for service.
BI: The gospel changes us and prepares us for service.
Appeal (8-22)
8-16
S: How should we respond to wrongs done against us?
C: Out of love, not obligation.
BI: The gospel prepares us to respond out of love, not obligation.
17-25
S: How should we relate to others?
C: We should receive them, release debts, and share in fellowship.
BI: Receive others as Jesus received you.
